The 1965 War saw India’s surprise invasion of Pakistan, which was met with fierce resistance and national unity. The 1965 War between India and Pakistan marked a significant chapter in their turbulent history, fueled by longstanding disputes over Jammu and Kashmir, echoing their earlier conflict in 1948. The conflict spanned seventeen intense days, with initial hostilities igniting in the Rann of Kutch. India established defensive positions at Suigam, Bela, Vigiokot, and Karim Shahi (Sardar Post), setting the stage for escalating tensions. Both sides had largely abandoned the Great Rann of Kutch for economic reasons, and even routine patrolling ceased in 1953. However, on February 25, 1956, a company of the Indian Reserve Force (later Border Security Force) occupied Chhad Bet, displacing a company of Sind Rangers, who withdrew to Wingor with orders to avoid provocation. Despit... Read More

Hume's idea of inherent national rivalry highlights the security dilemma in international relations, exemplified by NATO’s Cold War role against the USSR and its post-Cold War expansion. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict underscores the challenge of resolving core issues like NATO’... Read More

Israel's ongoing war in Gaza, under Prime Minister Netanyahu, has led to widespread death, displacement, and severe human rights violations, including torture and sexual violence. Despite global condemnation and mounting evidence of war crimes, Israel continues its brutal campaign, raising urgen... Read More